Apparatus fob mixing dry and liquid



J. P. WILSON ETAL M rch 2,1948.

APPARATUS FOR MIXING DRY AND LIQUID MATERIALS AND LOADING INTO CONTAINERS Filed March 15, 1944 10 Sheets-Sheet 1 .1? won, I HI 1? Laurie, Ja

March 9 8-' N. J. P. WILSON ETAL 2,437,216

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March 2; 1948. p WILSON ET 2,437,216

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J. P. WQLSON ET AL APPARATUS FOR MIXING DRY AND LIQUID MATERIALS AND LOADING INTO CONTAINERS Filed March 15, 1944 10 Sheets-Sheet 9 E'igm'ZO.

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TAINERS Jack 1'. Wilson, Ardmore, Herbert T. Lewis, Jr., Philadelphia, and Donald C. v(Mantel-d, Mei-ion Station, Pa., million to Proctor & Schwartz, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa., a corporation of Penniylvania Application March s, m4, seem No.,s2e,s4 a

This invention relates to apparatus for eifecting the predetermined mixing of dry and liquid ingredients continuously by fluid pressure action and for effecting the continuous loading or filling of the resulting mixture into casings or the like. Mixtures containing dry and liquid ingredients have heretofore been formed in batches by measuring out predeterminedamounts of the ingredients and then laboriously stirring and agitating the same for long periods of time during which further liquid ingredients may be periodically added to produce the desired result. Such procedure not only consumes much time and labor but, more important, it does not assure a uniform mixture. This latter is particularly true when attempts are made to mix dry material of different sizes of grain and different densities or specific gravities with liquids of diiferent specific gravities and viscosities. For example, the filler for dry batteries comprises a mixture of clay, carbon dust and liquid electrolyte. The first two are mixed for hours to secure the greatest possible uniformity of distribution and the mixing istthereafter continued while increments of the electrolyte are periodically added. Not only is the process extremely laborious and time consuming but, furthermore, there is no definite assurance of uniformity in the mixture, this last being of great importance since the life of a dry cell is directly proportional to the uniformity of Numerous other examples,

sizes together with bonding liquids and firing chemicals in the formation of grinding wheels, the mixing of a small percentage of wax or finely divided pulverulent materials, as light aluminum powder or heavy iron dust, uniformly through a loading charge, etc., could be cited. One object of our invention comprises the production of a new and improved apparatus for continuously combining dry and liquid ingredients of various types and nature in predetermined proportions into an intimate and uniform mixture and in which the objections and limitations above enumerated and present in methods heretofore employed are eliminated.

Casings of various kinds, including explosive shell and bomb casings, cell casings for dry batteries, molds, etc., are most commonly filled and packed by manual means, including batch mixing of the ingredients and the manual tampinz of the product into the casing to produce a dense fill free of voids. This manual process is not only slow and productiveof a product varying in density and uniformity of the fill but furthermore 13 Claims. (.01. tic-e1) requires. careful and laborious pro-mixing ofthe ingredients and the laborious introduction of the resulting mixture into the casings. A further object of our invention resides in the production of a new and improved apparatus for performing such mixing and filling operations automatically and continuously under the action of fluid pressure.

The invention contemplates new and improved apparatus for effecting the continuous fluid p essure conducting of, streams of the dry and liquid ingredients in predetermined proportions to a common mixing chamber, the continuous intimate mixing of such ingredients together under the action of the fluid pressure, and the continuous conducting of the mixture to any point for further use or directly into a casing to be filled. Means are provided for handling either one or a plurality of the dry and liquid ingredients and for conducting them to the mixing chamber in the required proportions to form the desired mixture. In the apparatus illustrated, the dry ingredients are brought together and inspirated in a single stream together with atmospheric air to and through the mixing chamber. The liquid ingredients are injected transversely into this stream through a distributing nozzle or a plurality of jets which agitate and commingle all the ingredients into an intimate mixture. The operation is continuous and the mixture is continuously conducted to a. point of deposit or into the casing being filled simultaneously with the movement of the dry ingredients through the mixing chamber and the commingling of the liquid ingredients therewith. The production of'a new and improved apparatus of this nature and for the purpose described comprises a. further object of the invention.

The fill in the final casing product should be uniform, denseand without voids and we have discovered that these requirements are best obtained by conducting the mixture to and laying it directly in the place of its final disposition in the casing. An important feature of the invention therefore contemplates the conducting of the .mixture through a conduit to a point approaching but short of the bottom of the casing chamber and the withdrawing of the conduit at a predetermined speed during the filling operation whereby keeping the conduit spaced a uniform distance from the deposited fill. Such spacing of the conduit results in compacting the mixture into a uniformly dense fill without voids as the mixture is forcibly conducted pneumatically into the casing, and the uniform distribution of the mixture is furthermore effected by providing a relative lateral movement between the conduit and casing as by rotating the casing.

An important use of the invention resides in the filling of explosive shell and bomb casings with TNT or other detonating charge and including various desired ingredients and we have herein illustrated and described the invention in connection with such use. Heretofore such casings have been loaded by pouring molten TNT thereinto. Molten TNT has a very high latent heat which must be dissipated before the liquid TNT will solidify and it furthermore solidifies with a considerable shrinkage at the center resulting in the forming of a conical cavity or pipe at the center of the charge. To dissipate this heat, eliminate the pipes and provide dense and solid charges without voids, the casings have been filled by pouring molten TNT thereintoin increments which are manually tamped between pourings, the period for tamping also being quite critical since TNT hardens very quickly when its latent heat has been dissipated. An increment of molten TNT to about a depth of two inches is poured into a casing which is then set aside or placed in a water bath to cool. After about 20 to 30 minutes the liquid TNT has reached a plastic state and has also formed whatever pipes or cavities result from the cooling. At this point an operator takes a. small wooden tamping stick and breaks down the surface of the TNT, levelling it off and filling up the pipes and cavities while the TNT is fairly plastic. Other increments are poured and treated in like manner until the casing is filled, the entire operation taking from one and one-half to three hours for a 3" shell and from five to six hours for a shell. When the casing has been fully poured and the charge solidified, a hole is drilled in the open end of the charge for receiving a detonator.

Another method employs an adaptor on and extending upwardly beyond the open end of the shell, and the shell and adaptor are filled at a single pouring. This method requires the pouring of 75% more TNT than is necessary to fill the shell, a considerable cooling period, and removal of the additional charge when drilling the detonator hole. A very important feature of our invention resides in a new and improved apparatus or machine for continuously combining dry and molten TNT in proportions and at temperatures producing a molten mixture only slightly above the solidifying temperature and immediately conducting the same into a casing to be filled whereby producing a filled casing that is. ready for drilling by the time it is transported to the drilling room.

TNT is normally a yellowish powder which changes very suddenly to the consistency of very light molasses upon being heated to its melting point. In accordance with our invention the filling charge is made up of both dry and molten TNT together with such other ingredients as are required. The dry ingredient is inspirated in and through a conduit in a continuous stream toward the casing to be filled and the liquid ingredient is injected under pressure transversely thereinto in a mixing chamber in the conduit. This action of the liquid ingredient on the dry ingredient continuously forms the two into a uniform mixture of the desired consistency and this mixture is forcibly carried along and packed continuously into the casing as it is formed in the mixing chamber. The dry and molten ingredients are in approximately equal proportions and the temperatures are such that the high latent heat of the molten TNT that is given up to the dry TNT causes the whole mixture to take on a temperature just slightly above the actual crystalline forming temperature, whereby producing a solid fill with slight latent heat. The invention therefore results in a uniform mixture, a filling without voids, of high and uniform density throughout and containing little latent heat, and a continuous process that substantially eliminates manual operations and delays and produces a superior product in less time and at less expense.

The handling of explosive materials together with the loading of shells is a hazardous operation and is subject to large and very damaging explosions during and following the mixing of the ingredients into the explosive batch. A further important feature of our invention resides in the fact that only relatively small quantities of the ingredients are ever brought together and these are continuously combined into an explosive mixture which is continuously deposited into a shell, thus eliminating the formation of large batches of the explosive and limiting any possible explosion to a relatively minor nature. Furthermore, the apparatus comprising our invention for the handling of explosives employs no electricity or any other dangerous features or elements which might well cause explosions. In the preferred form of apparatus, all moving parts are operated by compressed air and such heating as is required is efiected by the use of steam and hot water. The production of such an improved method of and apparatus for mixing and loading explosives comprises a further object of the invention.

These and other features of the invention will be best understood and appreciated from the following description of a preferred embodiment thereof selected for purposes of illustration and shown in the accompanying drawings in which,

Figs. 1 and 2 are a schematic illustration of one embodiment of our improved apparatus, Fig. 2 being a bottom extension of Fig. 1,

Fig, 3 is a vertical sectional view through a building housing the. apparatus,

Fig. 4 is a plan section taken on line 4-4 of Fig. 3,

Fig. 5 is a plan section taken on line 55 of Fig. 3, t Fig. 6 is a front elevation of the apparatus,

Fig. 7 is a side elevation thereof,

Fig. 8 is an enlarged vertical sectional view taken on line 8-8 of Fig. 6,

Fig. 9 is a bottomplan view of the filling nozzle taken on line 9-8 of Fig. 8,

Fig. 10 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view through a portion of a liquid ingredient tank shown in Fig. 1,

Fig. 11 is an enlarged fragmentary view, partly in section, illustrating the clutch control for the dry ingredient feed.

Fig. 12 is a side elevation, partly in section, of an automatically operated air control valve,

Fig. 13 is a vertical sectional view through a hand operated air control valve,

Fig. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view through another automatically operated air control valve,

Fig. 15 is a plan view of the body portion of the valve shown in Figs. 16-19,

Fig. 16 is a sectional view taken on line i6--|6 of Fig. 15 and showing the valve operating mechanism in one position,

Fig. 17 is a sectional view taken on line i'l-ll of Fig. 15 and showing the valve operating mechanism in the same position,

Fig. 18 is a sectional view taken on linen-l of Fig. 15 and showing the valve operating mechanism in another position,

Fig. 19 is a sectional view taken on line l|--|l of'Fig. 15 and showing the valve operating mechanism in the last position,

Fig. 20 is a vertical sectional view through the pallet supporting and driving mechanism,

Fi 21 is a view like Fig. 8 but showing a modifled construction,

Fig. 22 is a fragmentary side elevation'thereof,

Fig. 23 is a bottom plan view of Figs. 21 and 22,

. Fig. 24 is a fragmentary view in longitudinal section of a like but further modified construction,

Fig. 25 is a bottom plan view of Fig. 24.

We have herein illustrated our invention in the form of apparatus for filling explosive shells with TNT or other explosive materials. TNT is normany a yellowish, granular and free-flowing powder which melts to the consistency of very light molasses upon being heated and, while in the manual filling method heretofore employed and above described the TNT is heated to a very fluid condition, poured, cooled and then tamped into the shells, we propose continuously to combine dry and liquid TNT into an intimate mix-- ture and continuously pack the mixture into the shells simultaneously with the combining of the ingredients. The apparatus embodies means for supplying and feeding both dry and liquid ingredients, means employing compressed'air for mixing the ingredients and conducting the resulting mixture into the shells, steam and hot 'water conductors for maintaining certain ingredients in liquid form and the equipment at proper temperatures, compressed air motors for driving the equipment, and controlling mechanism for performing the several functions substantially automatically under manual supervision, Such mechanism is adapted to handle the ingredients uniformly in aprearranged manner and with a minimum of manual efi'ort and to perform the mixing and loading operations with a minimum possibility of accidental explosions, Furthermore, since the mixing of the ingredients is continuous and only small portions are at any time in the process of being combined, the danger of large explosions is eliminated. A further and very important result is the elimination of the long cooling period and manual tamping operation heretofore required,

The explosive charge comprises a mixture of a dry ingredient and a liquid ingredient or of a plurality of dry and/or liquid ingredients, the machine herein illustrated having capacity to handle two dry and two liquid ingredients. By reference to Fig. 1, it will be noted that one dry feeding apparatus and one liquid feeding apparatus are illustrated at each side of the vertical center line of feed. Both dry feeding means and both liquid feeding means are structurally alike and therefore only one of each is specifically illustrated and described herein. Attention is also called to the .fact that the structure shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is of a schematic nature for the purpose of illustrating the general layout of the invention and this structure as thus illustrated is not intended to correspond in every detail to that more specifically illustrated in other views of the drawings.

In Figs. 3, i and 5 of the drawings we have illustrated a proposed layout for the arrangement and employment of loading machines embodying our invention. This plan proposes the use of a .ents to the machines.

first floor l0 for the machines and a second door I! thereabove for supp i g the filling ingredi- A portion of the first floor. is divided into a series of shell filling bays or stockades 14 each adapted to house a shell filling machine l5, and rearwardly of these bays are two conveyors I0 and II on which pallets ll are adapted to bring empty shells to the bays and convey the loaded shells therefrom. Cooperating with theconveyor l8 at each bay is an inclined U-shaped track i 9 passing into the bay through an opening 20 in the wall 2| and outwardly thereof through an opening 22. The pallets loaded with empty shells are passed through the opening 20 and after the shells are filled they are trucked outwardly through the opening 22 and along the conveyor ll in the direction of the arrow,

Dry'TNT in free-flowing granular form is supplied to the machines from the upper floor If through tubes 23 and liquid TNT is supplied to the machines from a melting tank 24 On the second floor through pipes 25. The TNT is shipped in boxes 26 and is screened at 27 before passing downwardly into the tubes 23 and at 28 before placing it in the melting tank 24.

Each complete loading machine, as illustrated in the drawing, embodies an upper portion (Figs. 1 and 8 and the upper half of Figs. 6 and 7) for feeding and combining the ingredients into the loading mixture and conducting the mixture into a shell, and a lower portion (Fig. 2 and the lower half of Figs. 6 and 7) for carrying and manipulating the shell being loaded. The several operating functions are eiiected through the use of compressed air, thereby eliminating the dangers incident to the use of electricity and simplifying the apparatus, and steam and hot water are employed for maintaining the equipment and ingredients at predetermined temperatures. The lines conducting the air, steam and water for these functions ar for convenience in the drawings respectively indicated by reference letters A, S and W.

The ingredients for the loading mixture are fed into and through a downwardly extending conduit embodying a relatively long and lowermost cylindrical portion 30, a funnel-like top portion 3| and anintermediate mixing chamber portion 32. Disposed above and having exits leading into thetop portion 3| are two dry material feeding mechanisms 34 (Fig. 1). Either or both of these mechanisms can be employed.

Dry material, as TNT in granular form, is fed to one mechanism 34 from a hopper 36 into which emptiesone of the supply tubes 23. Uninterrupted flow of material from'the hoppers is assured through the employment of an air operated agitator rod 31 in each hopper. Each rod extends into a cylinder 302 and carries a piston therein, a spring 303 normally holding the rod in its retracted position. An air pipe 305 connected to an air supply pipe 84 extends through a valve 301 into each cylinder in such position that air pressure therefrom is adapted to force the pistons and rods forwardly. The valve is rotated from a shaft 5! and its construction is such that this rotation causes pulsating charges of air to enter the cylinders and together with the spring effect rapid reciprocation of the rods. The feeding mechanism comprises a drum 38 together with a blade 39 which is adjustable anemia thedrumcanbevariedbytbisbladeadiustment and by changing the speed of drum rotation. The dry ingredient passes downwardly into a restricted portion 9| of the conduit (Fig. 8) with which is associated an air jet 42 for inspirating the ingredient downwardly into the mixing chamber 32. Air is supplied to the jet-from a pipe 93 and the air passage through the jet can be kept clear by a clean-out rod 94 cooperating therewith. Also. as illustrated in Fig. 1 and hereinafter described, this air is preheated within a steam jacketed tank 45 just prior to its use at. the jet. It may be desirable at times, for clean-out purposes or otherwise, to blow a charge of air from the jet 42 downwardly through the conduit when the machine is not in operation. We provide a pipe as for this emergency which is connected at one end to an air supply pipe 202 and at its other end to the pipe '99 where it enters the tank 45. A normally closed valve 33. like the valve shown in Fig. 14, in the pipe 29 can be operated manually by pushing its exposed valve stem inwardly and. if a continued flow of air is desired, the stem can be held inwardly by a bail 35 pivotally attached to the valve body and adapted to be placed over the depressed end of the stem.

One drum 3a is driven from an air motor 46 and the other drum is driven therefrom through two intermeshing gears 41 of equal size on the drum shafts 5|. The motor is geared to a rotor 49 (Fig. 11) and a clutch shaft is driven by the rotor through a square shaft and socket engagement therebetween at 49. The other end portion 59 of the shaft is supported within a sleeve 52 in a bearing 53. the sleeve having slot and pin connection 54 with a pulley 55 also on the shaft 59, a face of the pulley being adapted to cooperate with a clutch disk 56' on the shaft. A spring 58 normally moves the sleeve 52 and pulley 55 away from driving contact with the clutch disk and air pressure from a pipe 89 acting against a piston 62 is adapted to engage the pulley with the clutch disk. Thus the pulley is normally idle and is forced into driving engagement with the clutchdisk by air pressure. A round belt 64 connects the pulley to one of the drum shafts 5|. It will therefore be apparent that, whereas the air motor may operate continuously, the drums are rotated only when air pressure is exerted against the piston 92. As illustrated in Figs. 1, 6 and 'l the drums 38 are driven from a single motor 46 through reduction gearing at 51.

A supply of the liquid ingredient, as molten TNT from the tank 24 and pipe 25, is contained within a closed tank 66. A pipe 61 extending to the tank is connected to one of the pipes 25 through a valve 68 which is normally closed by means of a spring 19. When the valve closing member is withdrawn against the action of the spring by air pressure from the pipe 1|, the diaphragm 12 of the valve moves away from its seat and permits flow of the liquid into the tank 66. Thisvalve is always in closed positionlduring the shell filling operation of the machine. The pipe 61 empties into the center of the tank within a foraminous cylinder 13 which screens the liquid I as it passes outwardly into the tank. Theliquid is screened a second time as it passes inwardly through a foraminous cylinder 14 and from which it is withdrawn through a pipe 15.

The tank 66 and the molten TNT conveyin units are hot water jacketed to maintain the TNT at predetermined temperature and'fluidity. Also while we have illustrated the tank 69 as supplied with moltenTNT from the melting tank 29, we have so constructed the tank 96 that dry TNT can be placed therein and melted to fluidity by steam heat. In such case the upper screen 13 is removed and the dry TNT is placed directly in the tank through-the opening normally closed by the cover 59. This TNT is then melted by :ankurning steam into the jacket surrounding the During the shell filling operation of the machine, the tank 66 is under predetermined air pressure from a pipe v1ii which forces the liquid therefrom through a pipe 15 under pressure. The pipe conduit 15 passes through a controlling valve 11 and from thence to a port 19 in the member 19 containing the mixing chamber 32 (Fig. 8). The port 18 is in communication with an annular port from which extend somewhat downwardly and inwardly into the mixing chamber a plurality of jet-like ports 82. The valve 11 is normally closed by 'a spring 83 and when it is opened by air pressure from a pipe 84 the liquid isforced under pressure through the ports 82 in a plurality of commingling jets into the mixing chamber. Such action thoroughly mixes the liquid ingredient with the dry ingredient which is simultaneously being injected downwardly through the chamber. The amount of liquid passing through the" valve 11 can be regulated by a. screw threaded valve needle 86 carrying a pointer 81 movable over an index scale. It is also contemplated to use a flow, meter in the line 15 to indicate the rate of TNT flow with great accuracy. The tank 65, valves 68 and 11, member 19 and the pipes carrying the liquid ingredient' are hot water jacketed as indicated at W to maintain the liquid at the desired temperature and prevent clogging. The member 19 is also provided with a second port 88 in communication with an annular port 89 from which extends a plurality of jet-like ports 90 for injecting a second liquid ingredient from a tank 66' into the mixing chamber when such ingredient is desired.

The portion 30 of the loading conduit is jacketed at 92 and a double walled hood 94 hung therefrom and open at its bottom end surrounds this portion of the conduit. A double walled exhaust pipe 95 extends outwardly and upwardly from the hood and a flexible exit conduit 96 can be connected to the upper end of this pipe. The function of the hood is to house the shell 98 and prevent the escape of TNT particles and fumes into the room during the filling operation, the opening into the hood being of a size closely receiving the shell as illustrated in Fig. 8. The same jacket chamber surrounds the hood and exhaust pipe 95 and steam is circulated therethrough by means of pipes 91 and 99. The interior wall Illl of the exhaust pipe is formed to Venturishape and a cooperating air jet I00 serves to exhaust the hood and any loose contents that may be present during the filling operation. Heating of the walls'of the hood by the steam jacket also causes any adhering particles to melt and run down the walls into a channel I02 which drains through a pipe )3 to a cup 105., Hot water is circulated through the conduit jacket and around the member 19 by means of pipes at I01. The lower end of the conduit 39 is provided with a nozzle Hi4 shaped as shown in Fig. 9. tov aid in proper distribution of the loading mixture. I

In" Fig. 10.we have illustrated means cooperatingwith the liquid ingredient tank. 66 for indicating by a suitable signal whenlthe liquid reaches a predetermined level and the tank interior of the bellows.

needs reflliing. 'I'hismeans comprises'a cyiinwardly through the top wall of the tank and.

carries a valve piston I closely fitting the chamber H0 01 a housing II2. A guide "3 isj provided for the rod at the bottom of the tank. The housing H2 is sealed to thejtank asby welding at Ill and by the employment oi a sealing gasket "5. The rod is permitted'vertical movement limited upwardly by a stop IIS on the top or thepiston and downwa'rdlyby a cross pin I I3 carried by the rod.

Compressed air is admitted to the housing in through a. pipe I20, this air being at a pressure common with that of the pipe I6 which provides compressed air to the tank. The air from the io' a.

to the position indicated in brokenlines and in which position the ball is in iullviewjoi the operator. The operator cannot fail tosee this signal andknow that the tank needs refilling. A hole I3I'-is providedthrough the 'housingwall to permit downward passage of the ball. The water lines. W togetherwitli'the communieating compartments are keptfllled with water 1 from a tank I36 at the proper elevation and havins an overflow port I31. The water is circulated by means of an air motor I36 exhausting through pipe I is ported to the top of the cylinder IIO,

to the chamber beneath the piston'and to an an-' nular recess I22 in the piston through connect ing ports at I2I. A port I2Itrom the cylinder is in communication with a pipe I28'leading to a whistle-or other signal orindicator I29. A

vent I30 is provided 'Iromthe cylinder chamber,

to the atmosphere.

Passage of the tank liquid up the rod I08 to the cylinder I I0 is prevented bya frictionless seal in the form of a flexible bellows I32 01' neoprene or other suitable material. The lower portion oi the bellows is sealed tightly to the rod at I 33' a muiiler I39 and operatlvely connected to and driving a water pump I40. The'wat'er circulating system includes a chamber III incorporating a steamxheating unit I42 therein-and the tem-- perature of the water is automatically regulated by controlling the flow or steam to this unit. The

controlling means embodies a mercury or other temperaturesensitive mediumbulb I43 in the water system connected by a tube I to and operating a steam controlling valve 83in the steam pipe to the heating unit. A second and normally closed valve, I 40 in the steam line to the heating unit normally cuts oil the flow of steam thereto and permits such flow only when the machine is in operatic This valve has an'air linecommunication I50 thereto from the valve I89 which and the upper portion is sealed tightly at I34 to the bottom end of a tube I35 depending from the top wall of the tank. The rod extends loosely through the tube whereby permitting air to pass downwardly from the cylinder II 0 to the Air pressure common with that. within the tank is therefore maintained at both ends of the piston and inside the bellows whereby providing an assembly fully balanced and therefore aflected only by gravity and the buoyant eflect of the liquid on the float.

When the tank is full of liquid the float raises the piston its to its uppermost position n which air pressure communication to the port I26 and whistle I29 from the port I2 is cut'oii and the port I26 is in communication with the atmosphere through the recess I22 and vent-I30. When is adapted toopen the valve I40 whenthe air is "turned on for operating the machine. The circulation'of the water through the heater MI and from thence through the several parts to be heated isindicated by arrows in Fig. 1.

As illustrated in Fig. 2 the shell 98 to be filled is supported on a pallet I54 seated on the top end of a stem or shaft I56 rotatablysupported on a member I51. The member I51 is in turn seated on the topend of a hydraulically operated ram I58 extending downwardly into a cylinder I60 and carrying a piston I6I fitting the cylinder walls. Means, including an air motor I62 provided with aworm in'drivlng engagement with a worm wheel I64 nonrotatably connected to the shaft I56, is provided for rotating the pallet. A conical douhie-walled apron I65 is supportedon a member to the apron provides steam for keeping the apron the liquid reaches a predetermined refilling level permitting downward movement of the float and piston by gravity to the position indicated in Fig. 10, communication of the whistle port with the atmosphere is cut of! and communication of such port with the port I2! is established through the .piston recess I22; The compressed air thereupon passing through the whistle port sounds the signal indicating that the tank should be refilled. The operation of refilling-the tank is hereinafter described.

InFig. 6 we have illustrated a preferred visual A signal arranged on the machine directly in front of the operator and adapted to cooperate with the pipe I28 in lleuoi the whistle I29. This sig-' .nal comprises a cylinder I2I moimted on a side I wall of the machine, as illustrated in Fig. 6, and

carrying a rod I23 extending downwardly therefrom. The rod carries a piston at its top end within. the cylinder and ared ball I25 on its bottom end. The pipe I28 extends into the top end of the cylinder and a spring I21 normally holds the rod andball upwardly to the position illustrated in full lines in Fig. 6 in which position the ball is outof sight of the operator. When the float I06 drops to the position of Fig. 10, compressed air conducted into the pipe I26 and to the cylinder I2I forces the rod and ball downwardly these functions.

turned'upwardly to form an annular trough I61.

Any particles of ialling onto-the apron during the shell filling operation become-melted and flow downwardly into. the trough from which they are drained through a pipe I 66. Water of condensation is drained from the apron through a pipe I69 to asteam trap I10. Depending from the margin of the-apron I65 (Figs. 6 and 7) is a cylindrical shield III including a door I12 having a bracket I13 at its inner face for supporting a cup' I" beneath the drain pipe I613. The door can 'be opened and the cup emptied whenever occasion requires.

It is desirable that the shell receiving pallet I54 shall be resiliently supported and with ample "strength to carry the weight of a shell being filled and take such jolts and downward thrusts as may result from placing the shells on the pallet and. furthermore. that such weight and thrusts shall not be conducted to'or affect the pallet driving mechanism including the air motor I62. In Fig.

20 we have specifically illustrated a preferred. mechanism for performing pallet supporting The member I51 is a yoke having a stud 320 at its bottom end screw threaded into the top end of the ram I58. Supported rigidly in the top end of the yoke is a casting 322 secured by set screws 323. The bottom end of the casting is in the form of a collar 325 extending about and supporting the top end of the worm wheel housing 324 against lateral movement. these parts being secured together by set screws 328. The housing is supported on a stud 328 threaded into the base of the yoke and provided with flats 329 for receiving a wrench and also with a lock nut 338 for holding the stud securely in position when it is properly adjusted into supporting contact with the housing. The wormwheel I84 rests on a ball 332 for free rotation in the housing. The pallet shaft I 58 extends downwardly through the casting 322 and its extreme bottom end is squared to fit a squared socket 334 in the top end of the worm wheel shaft.

A collar 335 on the pallet shaft rests on the rotary top element 338 of a ball bearing unit. the bottom and nonrotating element of which is seated in a block 338 housed in the top end of the casting. A spline key at 348 prevents rotation of the block in the casting but permits free relative movement longitudinally, The block 338 is supvalves. Reference characters I38. I81 and I98 ported on a compression spring 34I surrounding the shaft and resting on the casting and a cover member 342 secured to the top of the casting limits upward movement of the pallet shaft. Rotary movement. of the yoke is prevented by an arm 344 extending laterally therefrom and slidably engaging a fixed vertical post 345. The apron I85 is secured to and supported on the casting 322 by brackets 343.

It will be apparent that the yoke I51 supports the entire weight of the pallet I54 and its load and furthermore permits a substantial yielding oi the pallet downwardly to absorb severe thrusts when loading the pallet. It will also be apparent that the ball bearing unit at 338 serves as a thrust and radial bearing sustaining the pallet shaft both downwardly and laterally. A washer 348 of leather or like material is preferably seated on the casting beneath the block 338 for cushioning any contact of these parts. The pallet and its shaft are normally driven at about 100 to 158 R. P. M. from the motor I82 without placing any longitudinal load on the worm I84 or its housing 324, the latter being firmly supported by the stud 328 while the worm has free rotation in the housing on the ball bearing 332.

The ram I58 together with the parts supported thereon are adapted to be elevated by the passage of oil I15 under pressure from a tank I18 through a pipe I11 to the cylinder below the piston IBI. and they are adapted to be forced downwardly by the passage of oil under pressure from a tank I18 through a pipe I19 to the cylinder above the piston. The rate of such movement is controlled to predetermined speeds by the employment of free-flow throttling valves I88 in the pipes. The oil in the tanks is placed under pressure through the employment of compressed air conducted thereto through pipes I8I and I82. The range of upward movement of the ram is such as to bring the shell to be filled to the position within the hood 94 indicated in Fig. 8. The operation of the machine, including the movement and filling of the shell. is controlled both manually and automatically through a system of air valves hereinafter more specifically described.

Reference characters I84, I85, I88, I81, I88 and I89 (Figs. 2 and 5) indicate a bank of manually operated air valves adapted to control various parts of the machine as hereinafter described. Reference characters I92 and I84 indicate two automatically operated master air indicate three air valves cooperating with the master valves I92 and I94 and adapted to be automatically operated as and for the purpose hereinafter described by an arm 288 carried by the hydraulically-operated ram I58.

The source of compressed air supply comprises a pipe 282 from which the air passes through a filter 284. The pipe 282 extends through a pressure regulator. R to the bank of manually operated valves I84-I89 and to the valve I98. A pipe 285 branching from the pipe 282 again branches into two pipes 285 and 281. The 'pipe 286 extends through a pressure regulator R to the master valve I92. The branch pipe 281 extends through a pressure regulator R to the master valve I94. The air line connections from the valves I91 and I98 are hereinafter described. Pressure gauges G and regulators R are provided at several required places in the air lines.

The construction of the manually operated valve I84 is shown in Fig. 13. This valve has a chamber 2| 2 in communication with the air supply pipe 282, a chamber. 2I3 in communication with a pipe 2I4, and an exhaust chamber and pipe 2I5 open to the atmosphere. Two normally closed spring pressed valve elements 2I8 and 2I8 are located respectively between the chambers 2I2 and 2I3 and chambers 2I3 and M5. A manually operated lever 228 pivoted at 22I and having rollers operative on a rocker. 222 pivoted at 223 is. adapted to depress and open either one or the other of these spring seated valve elements. When the valve 2I8 is opened.alr pressure from the pipe 282' passes from the chamber 2I2 to the chamber 2I3 and from thence to the pipe 2I4. When the valve 2I8 is opened. air is exhausted from the chamber 2I3 through the chamber 2| 5. The construction of valves I85, I88 and I89 is the same except that in valves I88 and I89 the rocker 222 is of'the locking type which remains in one extreme position or the other whereas in valves I84 and I85 the rocker normally remains in a neutral position leaving both spring operated valve elements closed.-

The construction of the manually operated valve I86 is shown in Figs. 15l9 and the construction of valve I81 is the same. This valve I86 has four chambers 228, 221, 228 and 229 and four normally closed spring pressed valve elements 238, 23I, 232, 233 control the air flow to and from these chambers. A manually operated lever 235 pivoted on brackets 235 at 281 and operating on a rocker 238 pivoted at 239 is adapted to open the valves 238 and 23I when thelever is pivoted in one direction (Figs. 16 and'l'l) and to open the valves 232 and 233 when the lever is pivoted in the other direction (Figs. 18 and 19) The chamber 228 is in communication with the air supply pipe 282. When the lever is in the position of Figs. 16. and 17, air pressure communication is established from the pipe 282 and chamber 226 to the chamber 228 and pipe 18, and the pipe H is exhausted through the chamber. 221,

exhaust port 242 and exhaust pipe 244 to the atmosphere. When the lever is in the position of Figs. 18 and 19, the pipe 18 and chamber 228 are exhausted through the open valve at 232 and air pressure is established to the chamber 221 and pipe H from the chamber 228 through a passage 248, chamber 229, and passage 248. The lever and rocker are of the locking type which remain in one or the other of the valve opening positions. The valve I88 is adapted to control the refilling of the tank 88 at the right hand side of the machine (Fig. 1) and the valve I8! is adapted in like manner to control the refilling of the tank 88' at the left hand side of th'emachine. Pipes II and 18' from valve 'I8'l correspond to pipes II and I8 from valve I88; e

The construction of the master valves I92- and I94,.illustrated in Fig. 12, is the same as the valve I88 above described, except that these master valves are operated by air pressure instead of manually. A rocker250 pivoted at 252 is adapted to open the spring closed valve-elements ,inthe manner above described in connection with the manually operatedlever 288; the rocker being in the neutral position when no air pressure is present. A member 253 slidably mounted in the valve body 254 has a balland socket" connection 255 to one end of the rocker. The member has a piston. 256 at its bottom end operating-within a cylinder 258. An air pipe 260 to the valve I 92 is in communication with the bottom of the cylinder beneath the piston. A port 284 extends from the 3133.2 and 5. Also, wine as illustrated in mi each set of these valves is located adjacent to its loading machine within a filling bay or stockade I4, it should be understood that thecontrol can be located at a remote point if desired.

The operation of the machine is substantially as follows.

The steam supply for heating the water at I42,

- the air heating tank at 45, the hood at 94 and the apron at I55 is turned on by hand valve (not shown). Raising of the hand lever 228 (Fig. 13)

of the valve I89 directs compressed air to the water circulating pump air motor I88 and opens the steam valve I48. This valve I89 is of thelocking type and is left in this position during the shell filling operation.

cylinder above the piston to the valvechamber 268 which is in communication with the main air supply pipe 298. When the air pressure is released from the pipe 288 the air pressure in the cylinder above the piston will move the piston downwardly and pivot the rocker to the left.

When the air pressure is open to the pipe 288 its greater area of operation on the bottom of the piston will overcome the smaller pressure on the top of the piston and cause upward movement of the piston and pivotal movement of the rocker to the right. A pipe 288 extending from the valve I94 corresponds to the pipe'280 of the valve I92 I (Fig. 2). 1

The construction of the valve I98 is shown in Fig. 14. This valve comprises a'cylindrical body 210. having two chambers 214 and 215 therein with a communicating port 218 therebetween. The air supply pipe 202 is in communication with the chamber 214 and a valve'element 218-normally held seated by a spring 219 prevents passage of the air through the port 216 into the chamher 215. A plunger 288 extendingthrough the chamber 215 and port 216 has its inner end in contact with the valve element 218. A block 28I pinned to the outer end of the Plunger is housed within a bushing 282 screw threaded into the tion illustrated in Fig. 14. A compression spring 288 serves to maintain a packing 288' in place about the plunger within the chamber 215 and a rocker 289 pivoted to the bushing 'at 299 .and carrying a roller 292 is in contact with the end 284 of the plunger. Inward pivotal movement of the rocker when engaged by the arm 20!] is adapted to force the plunger inwar'dly, unseat thevalve element 218 and permit air under pressure to pass into the chamber 215 and outwardly to the pipe 268. Valves I91 and I98 are of'the same construction and are arranged respectively to exhaust the pipes 288-and 268 whenengaged by the arm 208.

Attention is called to the fact that no electricity ated either manually or by compressed air. Furthermore while the machine is arranged for semiautomatic operation, it is also so constructed that each operating unit is atall times under manual control at the will of the operator. This manual control is maintained through the bank of manually operated air valves I84.I89 shown in 'Dry TNT in granular form is supplied to the tubes '28fromthe upper floor I2 as is also melted TNT in liquid form to the pipes 25. The tank 88 is filled iromits pipe 25 as follows. The valve I88 is'moved to the position illustrated in Figs. 18

and 19in which position the pipe I9 and the tank 88 are exhausted through the open valve port illustrated in Fig. 18 and compressed airis directed into the pipeII through the open valve port illustrated in Fig. 19 whereby opening the valve 68. The valve I88, which is of the locking type,

.is left in this position until the tank fllls with liquid TNT from the pipes 25 and 81. The valve I88is then moved to the position of Figs. 16 and .1? in which the air pressure in the valve 88 and pipe. II is exhausted (Fig. '17) and compressed air is-di'rected into the pipe 18 to the tank 88.-

The valve 88 is thereupon closed by its spring II and the tank is held under pressure from the air line. The valve I86 is kept in this position dur- 1 ing the loading operation of. the machine. The

valve I8! is adapted to control in like manner the operation of another liquid ingredient supplying unit having a like tank 88' and like mechanismcooperating therewith.

The ram I58 together with the shell supporting pallet I54 are normally in the down position illus- ,trated in Figs. 2, 6 and '7 and the master valve I92 is in the position of Fig. 12 wherein the air line I 8I.. is exhausted and air pressure is open to the line I82 and tank I18 from the supply line298.

Also, the exhaust valve I98 having been opened a r by the arm 288 at its last downward movement.

the master valve I94 is in the position indicated in Fig. 12 wherein the line 84 is exhausted and the liquid controlling valve 11 is held closed and the powder feed controlling clutch shown in Fig. 1 is held open.

After placing a shell 98 on the pallet I54, the operator pivots the lever 228 of the valve I88 to the leftiFig. 13) to conduct air under-pressure from the supply pipe 292 to the line 390 leading to j the powder feeding motor 48 and pallet rotatingmotor I82. The pallet I54 is thereupon rotated but the powder feeding mechanism does not op- 3 erate until the clutch 55-56 is closed. The valve is employed and that all moving parts are oper- I to the air line 258 is normally in closed posi-' tion and is operated only in emergency when it is. desired to control the feed manually, this operation normally being controlled automatically through the valves I98 and I98 together with the master valve I94. Y

The operator next pivots the lever 22" of valveder pressure to the line I8I and tank I16. The

15 ram lsllthereupon moves upwardly to project the conduit 30 into-the shell (Fig. 8) and this movement continues until the arm 200 opens the valves I96 and I9! by engaging their rollers 292. Air pressure is thereupon admitted to the line 288 from the line 202 through the valve I96 whereby moving the master valve I94 to a position admitting air under pressure to the line 84 which thereupon (1) opens the liquid feeding valve 11, (2) closes the powder feeding clutch 55-56, (3) starts the air injection at 42 and exhaust at I00, and (4) starts the operation of the agitators 31 in the powder magazines 88 by conducting pulsating air to their operating cylinders 302 through rotation of the valve 801. The valve I9! is simultaneously opened whereby exhausting the pipe 260 and permitting the master valve I92 to move to its other position exhausting the line I8I and admitting air under pressure .to the line I82. The movement of the ram together with the pallet and shell is thereupon reversed and they move downwardly.

The valve I91 controls the extreme upward movement of the ram and the upward limit is such that the nozzle I04 is spaced approximately two and one-half inches from the bottom of the shell chamber as and for the purpose hereinafter described. Simultaneously with the reversing of the ram and the starting of its downward movement, the dry TNT is fed and is injected downwardly into the mixing chamber 32 and the liquid TNT is injected transversely thereinto under pressure through the jet ports 82. It will be understood that other dry ingredients can be added from the hopper 38' and other liquid ing'redients can be injected through the ports 90 from the tank 66 when desired. The jets of liquid agitate and commingle all the ingredients continuously into an intimate mixture as they pass throughthe mixing chamber and the mixture is continuously passed downwardly with the air stream to and through the nozzle I04.-

It will be apparent that the compressed air from the nozzle 42 along with the surrounding inspirated air carries the dry ingredient into the mixing chamber and the explosive mixture into the shell. This air should be at normal room temperature of approximately 70 F. or above, up to approximately 140 F., and the compressed air is passed through the chamber 45, which can be heated by steam or hot water, for the purpose of assuring this temperature. While the heated chamber 45 brings the nozzle compressed air to a temperature approximatingl85 F., the mixing of this air with the surrounding inspirated air at normal room temperature results in a conductlng air mixture having a temperature approximaintain this proper spacing during the filling operation The valves I 80 and I81 are so located that the nozzle I04 is initially thus spaced from the bottom of the shell and this continuous sp cing of the nozzle from the top of the fill during the entire loading operation as the shell moves downwardly is maintained by thus moving the shell at a speed commensurate with the loading of the material into the shell. The speed of movement of the. ram in both directions is controlled by adjusting the "throttling valves I80.

The distribution of the material in the shell is aided by the'peculiar shape of the nozzle exit as illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9 and by rotating the shell or otherwise providing a relative lateral movement between the nozzle and shell. The constricted intermediate portion of the nozzle end (Fig. 9) serves to provide a uniform spray pattern adapted in association with the rotating shell to distribute the mixture uniformly over the area being filled. This uniform spray together with the rotation 01 the shell, the maintenance or a uniform spacing of the nozzle from the fill and the uniform pressure at which the mixture is projected into the shell provides a fill of uniform density both transversely and longitudinally oi the shell and also provides a smooth mating 130 F. to 140 F. Thus, while the specific temperature of this air is not critical it has been found that best results are produced within the limits herein stated and that a temperature below 70 F. has a deleterious effect on the ex- "plosive mixture. I It is highly desirable that the fill in the shell shall be uniformly distributed, dense and free of voids and we have discovered that these objectives are obtained in high degree by distributing and packing the material from a uniformly spaced distance from the nozzle I04 during the entire filling operation, as illustrated in Fig. 8. We have found that in the filling of a Navy 3" A. A. shell a spacing distance of about 2%" gives very satisfactory results, though the spacing isdiiferent for each type or size of shell, and the machine is therefore preferably so operated as to and flat top surface on the charge which substantially minimizes the subsequent drilling operation necessary for placing a detonator within the charge.

When the arm 200 reaches and opens the valve I98 the filling of the shell has been completed. Opening of this valve exhausts the line 268 to the master valve I84 whereupon the latter moves to a position exhausting the line 84 which automatically stops the feeding of the dry and liquid ingredients and shuts oi! the air to the injection and exhausts at 42 and I00 and to the agitators at 802. As illustrated in Fig. 2, the ram continues to move downwardly until the piston IOI hits the bottom of the cylinder and in such position the shell is clear of the hood 94 and can be removed from the pallet. The loading cycle is now completed and the machine is ready for the 'next shell.

While the rotation of the pallet 154 can be stopped at the end of each cycle by manipulating the hand valve I88, preparatory to removing the filled shell and replacing it with an empty shell, such operation is not wholly essential since the air motor I82 can be easily stalled by grasping the shell, or the shells can be removed and replaced without stalling the motor since the. pallet does not rotate at a high speed. Furthermore. the rotation of the pallet can be controlled automatically as by a clutch of the nature shown in Fig. 11 or by an automatically operated valve, all as will be quite apparent.

The filling operation for each shell as above described is normally entirely automatic after the operator opens the valve I84 and starts the shell on its upward movement, but it will be apparent that all operations are at all times under the control of the operatorthrough the bank of manually operated valves Ill-J89 and he can stop, start and continuethe operations at will. The maintaining of proper temperature and pressure within the tank is of substantial importance and these conditions within the tank are always available to the operator through a dial thermometer 304 having a portion extending into the tank and a pressure dial 308 in communication with the tank; A tachometer 308 can be associated with a shaft I I of the powder feeding units -*The machine is preferably enclosed within a with the wax from the tank 66' by spraying the wax thereinto and therealong, and the shell is cover 3 I including a horizontal portion 3I2 having an opening therethrough of just sufficient size to receive and permit passage of the .cylindricalshield I'II depending from the conical apron I65, and the shieldis of such length that it never passes beyond this opening. It will also be understood that suitable flexible hose connec tions are provided for conducting air and steam to the movable parts carried on the ram I58.

In Figs. 2125 we have illustrated two modified forms of conducting and mixing conduit member for the dry and liquid ingredients. The top portion of these modified constructions is the same as illustrated in Fig, 8 and is indicated by like reference characters. These elements include the dry material receiving funnel-like passage 3I leading into the inspirating chamber 4I and from which compressed air from a jet 42 inspirates atmospheric air and dry material downwardly through an orifice 360.

In Figs. 21--23 the conduit member comprises a conduit 362 having a pipe 366 cooperating therewith. The conduit 362 for conducting the then loaded with the dry and liquid'ingredients mixture in the manner above described. It is quite possible that it may be desirable likewise to coat the inside of shells with various materials for various purposes before loading and we desire it to be understood that our invention is well adapted to carry out such operation conveniently and eificiently. It is'pointed out that the con duit members illustrated in Figs. 21-25 are particularly adapted to serve this function since the liquid ingredients can be projected directly against and along the shell wall from the bottom of the member as the member is moved through the shell.

It will now be apparent that our invention enables the loading of shells or the like by'continuously .passing the ingredients for explosives or other mixtures to a mixing chamber, intimately mixing the ingredients together in the chamber and conducting the resulting mixture directly to dry material downwardly from the orifice 360 is n carried by the body 364 in alignment with the orifice. A nozzle I04 like that shown in Fig. 8 is carried on the bottom end of the conduit. The liquid ingredient pipe 366 extends downwardly along and closely adjacent to the conduit and its bottom end is provided with a liquid spraying nozzle 368 coextensive with the longer diameter of the nozzle I04. The nozzle 368 is so arranged adjacent to and below the nozzle I04 that-liquid injected from the nozzle 368 commingles with the dry ingredients projected from the nozzle I04 and forms an intimate mixture 310 therewith. The pipe 366 and its contents are kept heated by a steam or hot water pipe 312 extending along and closely adjacent to opposite sides thereof. The pipes 366 and 312 are directly adjacent to and attached to the conduit as at 314.

In Figs. 24 and 25 the conduit member comprises a centrally disposed conduit 380 and an outer pipe 382'cooperating therewith. The centrally disposed conduit 380 is carried by the member 364 in the same position as the conduit 362 illustrated in Fig. 21. Surrounding the conduit 380 is the pipe 382 which latter is jacketed at 384, The central passage within the conduit is adapted to conduct dry material downwardly and the passage between the conduit and the pipe -382-is adapted to conduct the liquid ingredient downwardly. The bottom ends of the conduit and pipe are formed to the nozzle shape illustrated in Figs. 24 and 25 and include an B-shaped oblong exit .386 for the liquid. This exit is constructed to the shell being loaded, all simultaneously and in a single and continuous operation under the action of compressed air. The invention not only reduces the handling of t e materials and the time and manual labor required to a minimum but when handling explosives it also reduces the explosion hazards to a minimum. Furthermore, the loading charge produced is substantially superior in being of uniform characte throughout the charge and in different shells, andinbeing of -maximum density and free from voids, The materials are also handled in a clean and orderly manner, the shell 98 being enclosed within the hood 94 during the loading operation and all explosive particles and overflow outside the shell being carried away through the exhaust channel 95-96 and the hood and apron drains I03 and I68, whereby eliminating the escape of surplus materials and noxious fumes to the loading room atmosphere.

Another very important and valuable feature of wide scope resulting from our invention comprises the quick and easyproduction of uniform mixtures from a plurality of ingredients which may vary very substantially in composition and character. In accordance with the invention, various dry materials of different mesh and specific gravities can be quickly, continuously and uniformly mixed with liquids of different specific gravities and viscosities, all in predetermined prodirect the liquid inwardly in opposing directions about and into intimate contact with the dry materi-al projected from the mouth of the conduit,

whereby forming the'ingredients into an intimate mixture 388. Steam or hot water is conducted into the jacket chamber at its top end and circulation is maintained through a return pipe wax coating thereafter permitting easy removal We conveniently perform this" of the charge. operation in our machine by providing the tank 66' with a supply of wax in melted form. The

empty shell placed on the pallet is first coated portions, to produce numerous products of precise composition in small or large quantities and at minimum cost in both time and expense. Such uniform mixtures and the rapid and easy production thereof possible with our invention have heretofore been wholly impossible. A further and very important feature of the invention, as heretofore described, relates particularly to the mixing of dry and molten explosive ingredients in such proportions and temperatures as to produce loaded shells having little latent heat, whereby reducing the cooling time thereof to a minimum and permitting the continuous loading and completing of shells for immediate use without the cooling delay lag heretofore required.

While we have herein illustrated our invention in connection with the loading ,of explosive shells and have particularly illustrated a machine having a fixed explosive conducting conduit and nozzle in association with a movable shell supporting pallet, we desire it to be understood that the invention is not to be considered as limited to such relative movement or to details of construction and operation herein described or to the particular-filling material handled. It is contemplated that the machine is applicable to the continuous mixing of various ingredients and the depositing of the mixture in any manner desired or into a mass from which the mixture can be filled manually into containers, or otherwise employed. The machine contemplates a complete our material feeding apparatus, including hopper and metering means, for each ingredient, whereby providing for definite and wide variation in percentages of mixture and an accurate control of these percentages not otherwise possible, it being understood that different ingredients have different characteristics requiring difierent handling andcontrol. v

\Having d sclosed our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. Apparatus for delivering material int and ,/packing it inrn open-mouthed receptacle moving axia ly while being filled with said mater al, said aoparatus comprising a mixing head dispo ed outside the mouth of said receptacle. an

elongated filling tube extending from said head 5 into saidreceptacle through the open mouth thereof with a remote ex ernal'open end of said tube initially disposed adiacent but spaced from the bottom of the receptacle; a let for gaseous pre surized flu d axially aligned with and spaced 30,

axially from the opposite internal open end of said tube located Within said head for driving material through and out of said remote open end of said 'ube, means for feeding a loose dryingredient of sa d material into said head circumferentially of sa d jetto bring said dry ingradient under the driving influence of said pressurized fluid. and means within said head for injecting a plurality of streams of a wet ingredient radially into said dry ingred ent prior to 40 the entrance thereof into the internal open end of said tube under the driving influence of said pressurized fluid.

2. Apparatus for delivering material into and packing it in an open-mouthed receptacle moving axially while being filled with said material, I said apparatus comprising a mixing head disposed outside the mouth of said receptacle, an elongated filling tube extending from said head into said receptacle through the open mouth thereof with a remote external open end of said tube initially disposed adjacent but spaced from the bottomof the receptacle, a funnel-shaped mouth formed in said head at the internal open end of said tube,- a jet for gaseous pressurized fluid axially aligned with and spaced axially from said funnel-shaped mouth of theinternal open end of said tube for driving material through and out of said remote open end of said tube, means for feeding a loose dry ingredient of said material into saidhead circumferentially of said jet to bringsaid dry ingredient under the driving influence of said pressurized fluid,

annular passages formed within said head around said funnel-shaped mouth and connected to said mouth by radially extending passages spaced around said mouth for injecting a. plurality of streams of a wet ingredient radially into said dry ingredient prior to the entrance thereof into said mouth at the internal open end of said tube under the driving influence of said pressurized fluid.

3. Apparatus for delivering material into and packing it in. an open-mouthed receptacle moving axially while being filled with said material,

20 said apparatus comprising a mixing head /disposed outside the mouth of said receptacle, an

elongated filling tube extending from said head a loose dry ingredient of said'material into said chamber and the funnel-shaped end thereof circumferentially of said jet to bring said dry ingredient under the driving influence of said pressurized fluid, and means within said head between the internal open end of said tube and the funnel-shaped discharge end of said chamber for injecting a plurality of streams of a wet ingredient radially into said dry ingredient prior to the'entrance thereof into the internal open 'end of said tube under the driving influence of said pressurized fluid. 7

4. Apparatus for delivering material into and packing it in an open-mouthed receptacle moving axially while being filled with said material, said apparatus comprising a mixing head disposed outside the mouth of said receptacle, an

elongated filling tube extending from said head into said receptacle through the open mouth thereof with a remote external open end of said tube initially disposed adjacent but spaced from the bottom of the receptacle, a cylindrical chamber having a funnel-shaped discharge end formeclin said head, a jet for gaseous pressurized fluid extending axially of and through said chamber-into said funnel-shaped end thereof for driving material into and through said tube and out of said remote open end thereof, means for feeding a loose'dry ingredient of said material into said chamber and the funnel-shaped end thereof circumferentially of said jet'to bring said dry ingredient under the driving influence of said pressurized fluid, a funnel-shaped mouth formed within said head between the internal open end of said tube and the funnel-shaped discharge end of saidchamber, and means within said head between the internal open end of said tube and the funnel-shaped discharge end of said chamber for injecting a plurality of streams of a wet ingredient radially into said dry ingredient within said funnel-shaped mouth prior to the entrance thereof into the internal open end of said tube under the driving influence of said pressurized fluid.

5. Apparatus for delivering-material into and packing it in an open-mouthed receptacle moving axially while being filled with said material, said apparatus comprising a mixing head disposed outside the mouth of said receptacle, an elongated filling tube of substantially circular cross-section extending from said head into said receptacle through the open mouth thereof with cumferentially of said jet to bring saiddry in- 

